SIIA Praises ICANN For Accepting GAC Advice to Adopt New Domain Name Safeguards

On Friday the ICANN Board’s New gTLD Program Committee announced that it had accepted the six basic safeguards recommended by ICANN’s government constituency group, called the Government Advisory Committee (“GAC”), relating to safeguards for new gTLDs (“GAC Advice”).  SIIA commends ICANN for creating an open and transparent process for evaluating the GAC’s Advice and its decision to ultimately accept the Advice.

The GAC Advice was first issued on April 11, 2013 in a communique following the last ICANN meeting, which took place in Beijing, China.  In the Annex of that communique the GAC set forth sixth safeguards that the GAC recommended be implemented by all new gTLDs.  Most of the enhanced safeguards that SIIA has been advocating for were included in the six in some form, with the most significant ones being safeguards 2, 5 and 6, which would require all registries to:

  • Contractually prohibit registrants from using domain names for “piracy, trademark or copyright infringement [or] counterfeiting,” among other abuses;
  • Provide a complaint mechanism for reports of inaccurate Whois data or “that the domain name registration is being used to facilitate or promote… piracy, trademark or copyright infringement, [or] counterfeiting”;
  • Impose “real and immediate consequences”  (though the only one listed is suspension of the domain name) where there is “demonstrated provision of false Whois information and violations of the requirement that the domain name should not be used in breach of applicable law.”

ICANN was not obligated to follow GAC Advice.  For the first time ever, ICANN solicited public comment on the GAC Advice.  ICANN received numerous comments from a wide variety of diverse organizations located around the world voicing their strong support of ICANN accepting the GAC Advice.  This support came from not only those representing the copyright community, but also the telecomm, financial services, online travel, and the trademark communities.

SIIA’s particular concern regards strings and applications that refer to, describe, or are likely to disproportionally impact rights owners in the software and information industries.  These industries have experienced a long history of vulnerability to fraud and abuse, including copyright and trademark infringement, cybersquatting, and other abuses.  Copyright and trademark infringement, fraud, deception, and similar abuses by some domain name registrants, registrars, resellers and other participants in the DNS ecosystem are an enormous and ongoing problem faced by SIIA member companies and their customers around the world in the software and information industries.  It is reasonable to foresee that introducing hundreds if not thousands of new gTLDs on the Internet will multiply the problem exponentially – unless appropriate safeguards are implemented.  ICANN’s decision to accept the GAC Advice and the six basic safeguards in particular is a significant step in the right direction that should significantly reduce the risk of abusive registrations in all gTLDs and that any responsible registry operator should be able to support and implement.


Keith Kupferschmid is General Counsel and SVP, Intellectual Property Policy & Enforcement at SIIA.

More Trademark and Copyright Protections are Needed before New Domain Names Go Live on the Internet

SIIA today called for more Intellectual Property safeguards before any new generic top level domain (gTLD) applications are approved. SIIA filed comments with the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN ) on the new gTLD applications as part of the public comment and objection process.

Under the current program, trademark and copyright owners will be forced to expend significant resources and time to protect their intellectual property on thousands of new domains. It is essential that the registries (the gTLD applicants) that are approved by ICANN put in place greater safeguards to protect against piracy and counterfeiting. This is especially true for domain names that are targeted toward software and information products and brands.

SIIA and other concerned groups have recommended a minimum set of safeguards that all new gTLDs should be required to abide by. Among other things, these safeguards would require registries to offer publicly accessible, authenticated, verified Whois data for all second-level domain names within the registry. All registries must implement standards that ensure prompt investigation and resolution of rights holder complaints.

A clear process for complaints and systems for ensuring that domain information is accurate and publically available are the minimum levels of protection that rights holders deserve under this new program. Without this, the new domains will create huge potential for abuse by those seeking to profit from the name, reputation, and content of others. Trademark and copyright owners need a reasonable and open complaint process to turn to.


Keith Kupferschmid is General Counsel and SVP, Intellectual Property Policy & Enforcement at SIIA.

ICANN Update: Changes to the gTLD Evaluation Process, Comment Deadline is Extended, and More

SIIA has been tracking the details of how new generic top level domains (gTLDs) will operate under ICANN’s new program to expand the number of gTLDs, with an eye toward intellectual property rights protection mechanisms, Whois database implementation, and other considerations. There have been many new developments since ICANN announced the 1,930 applications for new top level domains. Here’s the latest:

Changes to the gTLD Evaluation Process
ICANN’s original plan to “batch” applications into groups of 500 for prioritizing evaluation is dead. All 1930 applications will be part of a single, initial evaluation for technical and financial capability, with all results announced at the end of that process. In lieu of batching, ICANN apparently will use some “metering” process for handling the applications, but at this time we are not clear on what such a metering process would entail.

Comments on new gTLD applications extended
The deadline for submitting comments on the new gTLDs to the ICANN evaluation panels was postponed by ICANN until September 26th. SIIA will be filing comments on many of the applied-for strings at that time.

ICANN Names New CEO
New ICANN CEO, Fadi Chehade, will take office in October (until then, current COO Akram Attalah will be CEO).

Cost of Take Down Process Examined
ICANN announced that it would convene a group to seek possible alternatives to the Uniform Rapid Suspension System (URS), in light of the providers’ (WIPO, ICC and ICDR) statements that they cannot do it for $300 per complaint as promised in the Guidebook. The URS is intended to be a cheap, quick take down process for brand owners to file a claim against a domain and have it taken down (much like WIPO’s existing UDRP). In response, several gTLD applicants stated that they would implement their own URS if ICANN failed to provide one by the time they were ready to launch. Others applicants suggested that ICANN should fund any difference in cost out of the $350 million in gTLD application fees it recently collected.

Timing of new gTLDs
Due to several delays and complications, the new gTLD evaluation and comment/objection process will extend well into 2013, and likely 2014 for some contested applications. As a result, new gTLDs will likely not go “live” until at least mid to late 2013. (Some reasons for the delay include: the GAC has informed the ICANN Board that it will not be ready to issue “Consensus Advice” on any applications until April 2013 – thus presumably no applications will be formally approved before then. Also, as mentioned above, ICANN’s announcement of anticipated cost overruns of the URS trademark enforcement tool, as well as the Trademark Clearinghouse, prompted some members of the ICANN community, notably the registries and registrars, to call for alternatives or, in the case of the Trademark Clearinghouse, ability to participate in technical development. New gTLDs cannot launch until these issues are resolved.).

ICANN Awarded IANA Contract
On July 2, the U.S. Commerce Department’s National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA) announced that it has awarded the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) Functions Contract to the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN). This is not a new role for ICANN, which manages the current IANA Functions Contract that is set to expire on September 30, 2012. The contract will run from October 1, 2012 to September 30, 2015, and has two 2-year option periods, for a total contract period of seven years.


Keith Kupferschmid is General Counsel and SVP, Intellectual Property Policy & Enforcement at SIIA.

SIIA Calls for Increased IP Protections from ICANN as New gTLD Applications are Announced

SIIA is reviewing 1,930 new generic top level domain (gTLD) applications—unveiled today by the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN )—in order to identify potential intellectual property threats as part of the public comment and objection process. SIIA believes that ICANN must do more to ensure that proper safeguards are in place to protect intellectual property rights before any new gTLDs are approved and go live on the Internet.

SIIA supports, respects and has participated in the ICANN multi-stakeholder process, and a number of our members are new gTLD applicants themselves. Now that the scope and content of applications are known, ICANN will have another opportunity to address intellectual property concerns, and must do so. The rights protection mechanisms that ICANN has required gTLD applicants to implement are inadequate. While some gTLD applicants are voluntarily providing more protection than ICANN requires, this is not the case with all applicants.

SIIA and other concerned groups have promulgated “Enhanced Safeguards for New gTLDS Targeting Creative Sectors”—or gTLDs that pose a particular threat to become havens for infringement and related criminal and illegal activity. SIIA will evaluate and publicly comment on how applications stack up against these standards—especially whether the registry (the gTLD applicant) has committed to offer publicly accessible, authenticated, verified Whois data for all second-level domain names within the registry, and to implement standards that ensure prompt investigation and resolution of rights holder complaints.

The ICANN gTLD program, as currently formulated, represents a significant challenge to trademark and copyright owners,” continued Bain. “ICANN’s program may open up new opportunities, but it also presents a whole new frontier of potential—and likely—abuse by those seeking to profit from the name, reputation, and content of others. Intellectual property owners will need to familiarize themselves quickly with the Rights Protection Mechanisms in the gTLD Applicant Guidebook, and expend even more resources and time to protect themselves against cybersquatters and infringers.


Scott BainScott Bain is Chief Litigation Counsel & Director, Internet Anti-piracy at SIIA.

SIIA DPR: Bills Lined-up for Cyber Week, SIIA Releases Education Interoperability Primer, and ICANN Continues to Postpone

Cyber Week Arrives With Slate of Legislation, Proposed Amendment to CISPA Ongoing
House Republican Leadership officially confirmed last Friday the four cybersecurity bills that will be considered this week. Consistent with expectations, those are: H.R. 2096 – Cybersecurity Enhancement Act, Rep. McCaul (R-TX), H.R. 3834 – Advancing America’s Networking and IT R&D Act, Rep. Hall (R-TX), H.R. 3523 – Cyber Intelligence Sharing and Protection Act, Rep. Rogers (R-MI) and H.R. 4257 – Federal Information Security Amendments Act, Rep. Issa (R-CA). Most of the activity is expected to take place on Thursday, with Rogers’ bill likely to be the most heavily debated. Members were provided until COB Tuesday to file amendments.

Last week, SIIA joined with several other leading technology trade groups in sending a letter in support for these measures. The outlook is still uncertain for two other cyber week hopefuls: Rep. Lungren’s (R-CA) H.R. 3674 -the Promoting and Enhancing Cybersecurity and Information Sharing Effectiveness Act, which saw a slimmed-down version pass the Homeland Security Committee last week, and the data security/breach notification legislation, H.R. 2577 – the Safe DATA Act, Rep. Bono Mack (R-CA). Committee staff shared publicly the latest discussion draft this afternoon, and Rep. Bono Mack is hopeful to advance the legislation through regular order in the coming weeks. So we can possibly expect that to be considered by the E&C Committee soon.

SIIA Releases Primer on K-20 Education Interoperability Standards
This week, SIIA officially released a “Primer on K-20 Education Interoperability Standards” that provides a framework for understanding interoperability standards that facilitate the exchange of information among educational systems and support the integration of content, data, and components from different technology applications. The importance of interoperability is highlighted in the pending initiative to develop online assessments aligned to the Common Core State Standards, funded with federal Race to the Top grants to the SBAC and PARCC state consortia, among other initiatives. The Primer is intended enable developers of educational applications and digital content to further understand how adoption of interoperability standards can advance both education goals as well as their own business needs, with the goal of helping to achieve a flexible, modular assessment technology architecture to meet evolving and unique state and local requirements.

ICANN Further Extends TLD Application Process
ICANN confirmed last week that continuing technical problems have further delayed the deadline for the submission of new gTLD applications. As a result, ICANN will not be in a position to reveal the new gTLD applications received on April 30, as previously scheduled. ICANN has recently said it “will provide an update on the timing of the reopening no later than Friday, 27 April,” and while no new date has been provided to reveal the list, ICANN has said that “the date when applied-for TLDs are announced will follow announcement of the application system re-opening date.” So stay tuned.


David LeDuc is Senior Director, Public Policy at SIIA. He focuses on e-commerce, privacy, cyber security, cloud computing, open standards, e-government and information policy.

Digital Policy Roundup: House Cyber Week Approaching, SCOTUS to Hear Key Textbook IP Case, and DOC Unveils IP Econ Report

Congress Returns, Next Week is House “Cyber Week”
With Congress back from the Easter recess, there is much activity ongoing for “cyber week,” beginning on April 23. During the week, several cybersecurity bills are expected to be brought to the House floor for a vote, including: H.R. 2096 – Cybersecurity Enhancement Act, Rep. McCaul (R-TX), H.R. 3834 – Advancing America’s Networking and IT R&D Act, Rep. Hall (R-TX), H.R. 3523 – Cyber Intelligence Sharing and Protection Act, Rogers (R-MI), H.R. 4257 – Federal Information Security Amendments Act, Issa (R-CA). In preparation for next week, Rep. Rogers continues to explore amendments to his legislation to address concerns raised by the civil liberties watchdogs, and the Homeland Security Committee is also scheduled to consider additional information sharing legislation Wednesday morning, H.R. 3674- Promoting and Enhancing Cybersecurity and Information Sharing Effectiveness Act, legislation that the bill’s sponsor, Rep. Lungren (R-CA) is seeking to have considered.

Supreme Court to Hear Key Textbook “First Sale” Copyright Case
This week, the Supreme Court decided to hear the copyright case of Kirtsaeng v. John Wiley & Sons Inc., a key case for SIIA members focused on whether the copyright law’s “first sale doctrine” applies when the copyrighted work–here a foreign edition of a textbook–is made and sold outside the United States and then imported into the United States. The case at issue involves a student from Thailand who attempted to subsidize his expenses by having friends and family members send him foreign editions of textbooks, which he would then sell online. If the Supreme Court affirms the lower courts by holding that the first sale defense does not apply, the unauthorized distribution and sale of a copyrighted work here would constitute a copyright infringement.

Department of Commerce Releases IP Economic Report
As we reported last week, on April 11, the Department released a report titled “Intellectual Property and the U.S. Economy: Industries in Focus,” which estimates the economic impact of IP related industries on the U.S. economy. The report, which was prepared by the Economics and Statistics Administration and the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, was initiated as part of the Intellectual Property Enforcement Coordinator’s (IPEC) 2010 Joint Strategic Plan to create a comprehensive study to better understand the role of IP in the economy and to inform policy decisions related to IP enforcement. In response, SIIA issued a statement hailing the Report as evidence that IP is essential to the creation of American jobs and growth and underscores the critical importance of adequately protecting the software and digital content industries.

ICANN Extends Window for gTLD Applications
Last week, ICANN extended the window for submitting applications for new gTLDs from April 12 to April 20, because of a technical issue effecting the performance of the TLD Application System (TAS). April 30 remains the target date for ICANN to publish the applied-for new domain names, but this is subject to change.

Ninth Circuit Rules on Reach of CFAA
Last week, the Ninth Circuit Court, in US v. Nosal reached a decision in a highly-anticipated Computer Fraud and Abuse Act (CFAA) case, that Nosal’s acts did not violate the CFAA, concluding that the “plain language of the CFAA ‘target[s] the unauthorized procurement or alteration of information, not misuse or misappropriation’” and more significantly that “the CFAA does not extend to violations of use restrictions.” In the case, the U.S. brought criminal charges under the CFAA against a former employee for “exceed[ing] authorized access” to his former company’s computers for the purpose of obtaining and using company information in violation of the terms of the company’s computer use policy.

For SIIA policy updates including upcoming events, news and analysis, subscribe to SIIA’s weekly policy email newsletter, Digital Policy Roundup.


David LeDuc is Senior Director, Public Policy at SIIA. He focuses on e-commerce, privacy, cyber security, cloud computing, open standards, e-government and information policy.

ICANN Extends gTLD Application Deadline; All Eyes Are on April 30 Publishing Date

ICANN extended its deadline for new generic top level domain (gTLD) applications from today until next Friday, but as POLITICO points out in today’s Morning Tech, everyone is waiting for April 30. That’s the date ICANN intends to publish the gTLDs applied for.

There are indications that several thousand applications have been submitted, and SIIA will be reviewing and analyzing the list, and notifying its members of potential applications they may want to object to.

Morning Tech quoted SIIA in its write-up about the new system and how it can change the foundations of the Internet:

‘We’re going to go from a world of .com, .org and.gov to a situation where we’ll have hundreds or thousands of new strings,’ said Scott Bain. ‘It will force a change in how people think of domain names and how they get to sites. Search engines will be more important for finding the right domain – is it nike.com or nike.sports.”

Among other actions, SIIA will be also providing advice to the U.S. government (NTIA) to assist it in the process by which ICANN’s Governmental Advisory Committee will issue “early warnings” to certain applicants.


Scott BainScott Bain is Chief Litigation Counsel & Director, Internet Anti-piracy at SIIA.